Dashboard foaming yog txheej txheem uas xav tau siab precision hauv cov txheej txheem thiab nruj ua raws li cov qauv kev ua haujlwm. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los xyuas kom meej cov khoom siv raw sib piv, ruaj khov kub thiab siab tsis muaj zog, txhim khu kev sib khi thiab qhov cua, thiab kev tu kom zoo thiab ua kom lub ntsej muag ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov khoom siv substrate. Thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem -encompassing mixing, pouring, curing, and demolding-txhua theem yuav tsum nruj tswj kom zoo tiv thaiv tsis xws luag xws li delamination, voids, cov khoom to, thiab huab cua npuas, yog li lav qhov zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov foamed dashboard Cheebtsam.
Kev tswj cov khoom siv raw yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau dashboard foaming; tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm peb yam tseem ceeb: xaiv, cia, thiab proportioning. Hais txog kev xaiv cov khoom siv, semi-rigid polyurethane (PU) ua npuas dej tshwj xeeb tsim rau dashboards yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm- feem ntau suav nrog kev siv cov polyether polyols (P-cov khoom) thiab polyisocyanates (I-cov khoom siv)-nrog rau cov khoom siv tshuaj, thiab cov khoom siv catalyst. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias ob qho tib si ntawm daim tawv nqaij (feem ntau PVC, TPO, los yog TPU) thiab cov substrate (feem ntau PP, PC, los yog ABS) muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog PU ua npuas ncauj los tiv thaiv cov teeb meem tom ntej xws li adhesion tsis ua hauj lwm. Cov khoom siv raw khoom yuav tsum ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm airtightness thiab kub tswj, tswj qhov kub ntawm 20-25℃thaum siv kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv kev nqus noo noo thiab raug rau lub teeb. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, P-cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo ua ntej{12}} sib tov ua ntej siv- rau lub sijhawm tsis pub tsawg tshaj 30 feeb-thaum I- cov khoom yuav tsum nruj me ntsis tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob ya raws. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov khoom siv tas sij hawm lossis cov khoom tsis zoo raug txwv nruj heev, vim qhov no yuav cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig foaming. Lub proportioning theem yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws; qhov piv ntawm P-cov khoom siv rau I- cov khoom yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis raws li cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb- feem ntau kwv yees li 1: 1 piv- nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tso cai tsis ntau tshaj ± 1%. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntsuas cov twj tso kua mis thiab lub taub hau sib xyaw yuav tsum tau ntsuas txhua lub sijhawm kom tsis txhob ntws tawm los ntawm kev ua rau muaj qhov tsis sib xws hauv cov khoom sib piv.
Lub pretreatment ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab substrate yog ib tug tseem ceeb kauj ruam nyob rau hauv kom meej foaming zoo, raws li nws ncaj qha cuam tshuam lub adhesion lub zog ntawm cov npuas dej thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom. Kev kho ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav tsum tau ua ntej thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kom ntseeg tau tias lub puab sab hauv yog tsis muaj kab mob xws li cov roj stains, pwm tso cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab plua plav; Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev so qhov chaw nrog cawv lossis ethyl acetate. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov nro tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm txoj hauv kev xws li kev kho nplaim hluav taws lossis siv cov txheej txheem primer, yog li tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm delamination ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab ua npuas ncauj. Thaum lub sij hawm soj ntsuam ntawm lub cev pob txha, qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau muab rau kev txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem xws li tawg, voids, los yog deformation. Sealing ua npuas ncauj yuav tsum tau siv rau lub thav duab cutouts thiab cov npoo kom paub meej tias lub sealing ribs yog zoo zaum; qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv cov chaw tshwj xeeb-xws li lub hnab airbag vaj tse ncej- qhov twg lub sealing muaj nuj nqi yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug nrog thermal conductivity los tiv thaiv kev tsis sib haum xeeb thaum lub sijhawm ua npuas dej tom ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob qho tib si ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab lub cev pob txha yuav tsum tau ua ntej - kev kho cua sov ua ntej siv; lawv yuav tsum tau ua ntej-rhuab mus rau qhov kub ntawm 30-45 degree, thaum lub pwm kub yog khaws cia ntawm qhov ruaj khov 45-60 degree, txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov kub ntawm qhov sib txawv uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom tsis sib xws lossis tsim cov npuas npuas.
Kev tswj ntawm cov txheej txheem foaming yog lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov kev khiav hauj lwm thiab yuav tsum tau nruj tswj nyob rau hauv plaub qhov tseem ceeb qhov ntev: sib tov zoo, pouring txheej txheem, pwm sealing thiab venting, thiab kho thiab tuav. Hais txog kev sib xyaw kom zoo, lub siab nyob rau hauv qhov siab - lub taub hau sib xyaw yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm 120 thiab 180 bar kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Polyol (P) thiab Isocyanate (I) Cheebtsam, tsis muaj stratification, qhuav me ntsis, lossis qhov chaw ntub dej. Ua ntej siv, P- cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlab ntsha ua ntej sib xyaw ua ke nrog I- cov khoom nyob rau hauv siab kom lav qhov kev sib xyaw kom zoo. Cov txheej txheem pouring yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo sib koom tes ntawm lub ntim ntim, pouring trajectory, thiab cov khoom kub. Lub ntim ntim yuav tsum tshaj cov kab noj hniav ntim los ntawm 5-10% kom ntseeg tau tias cov kab noj hniav tau puv thiab compacted, yog li tiv thaiv voids los yog cov qauv kev sib tsoo. Thaum lub sij hawm pouring, ib tug neeg hlau caj npab yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm kom txav mus los ntawm ib tug ceev ceev, ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm sau thicker seem ua ntej thinner sawv daws yuav, thiab cov npoo ua ntej qhov chaw, tiv thaiv huab cua entrapment thiab cov khoom tsis txaus. Hais txog kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias, P-cov khoom yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm 25-30℃thiab I{16}}cov khoom ntawm 20-25 degree, nrog rau qhov kub sib txawv ntawm ob tsis tshaj ± 2 degree, txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ua npuas dej zoo. Pwm sealing thiab venting yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug; Thaum kaw pwm, yuav tsum tau ua kom nruj, nrog rau pneumatic sealing ncua kev tswj tsis pub dhau 0.5-2 vib nas this los tiv thaiv cov khoom to. Tsis tas li ntawd, venting grooves - ntsuas 0.05–0.1 mm nyob rau hauv qhov tob- yuav tsum tau tsim raws li cov pwm cov kab sib cais thiab hauv qhov tuag- cov ces kaum kawg kom yooj yim rau kev tso tawm ntawm huab cua raws li cov npuas dej nce, yog li tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm npuas npuas lossis kev nyuaj siab. Thaum lub sij hawm kho thiab siab- tuav theem, kaw- pwm curing lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau kho raws li qhov tshwj xeeb formulation thiab thickness ntawm foamed ib feem; Feem ntau, lub sijhawm no yog los ntawm 3 mus rau 8 feeb. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, pwm kub yuav tsum ruaj khov kom ntseeg tau tias cov npuas dej ua tiav tag nrho - txuas thiab kho. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub siab zoo me ntsis ntawm 0.5-1 bar yuav tsum tau khaws cia thaum lub sij hawm kho kom tsis txhob ua npuas ncauj los yog tawg.
Thaum lub sij hawm foaming txheej txheem, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom sai li sai tau los daws qhov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv cov kev tiv thaiv thiab kho kom raug. Yog tias muaj teeb meem xws li delamination lossis kho tsis tiav, lawv feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib xyaw tsis sib xws, cov qauv tsim tsis raug, lossis kev sib xyaw tsis txaus; Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub raw khoom ratios yuav tsum tau recalibrated, lub taub hau sib tov ntxuav, thiab sib tov siab. Yog hais tias muaj teeb meem xws li voids los yog structural vau tshwm sim, qhov ua rau tej zaum yuav pw nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv to, tsis txaus txhaj tshuaj hnyav (casting ntim), los yog tsis muaj sab hauv siab; Kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum tsom rau kev kuaj xyuas kev ruaj ntseg, ua kom qhov hnyav txhaj tshuaj, thiab ua kom zoo rau lub sijhawm cua thiab degassing. Cov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom xau feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev foob tsis ua haujlwm, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, los yog misalignment ntawm lub npuas gasket; Cov kev kho muaj xws li kho lub foob compression ncua, nruj me ntsis tswj cov tawv nqaij thickness, thiab -yog tias tsim nyog-re-adhering lub foam gasket. Cov teeb meem xws li blistering lossis delamination ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm daim tawv nqaij feem ntau yog txuas rau qhov chaw paug, ua kom tsis txaus, lossis pwm kub ntau dhau; Cov kev kho kom raug suav nrog kev tu kom huv thiab rov ua haujlwm ntawm daim tawv nqaij, txo qis pwm pwm, thiab xyuas qhov sib haum ntawm cov nplaum nplaum. Thaum kawg, yog tias muaj qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov chaw (xws li kev nyuaj siab lossis bulges hauv huab cua- lub hnab xa tawm zones) tshwm sim, nws yuav tsum tau kho qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov pwm, txhawb lub sealing mechanism, thiab tshem tawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws uas muaj nyob rau hauv pwm kab noj hniav.
Kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem dashboard foaming, thiab tag nrho cov kev cai cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau ua raws li nruj me ntsis. Qhov chaw ua npuas yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub tshuab ua pa kom tswj tau qhov concentration ntawm VOCs thiab isocyanates. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov qhib nplaim taws thiab qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob raug txwv nruj, thiab txhua yam khoom siv yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo hauv av kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws xob zoo li qub. Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum hnav cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog-xws li lub tshuab ua pa, tshuaj lom neeg- hnab looj tes tiv thaiv, thiab tsom iav kev nyab xeeb- txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov tawv nqaij ncaj qha lossis ua pa nrog cov ntaub ntawv raw. Unreacted raw cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau muab sau thiab recycled raws li kev faib cov txheej txheem, thaum kho ua npuas ncauj pov tseg yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg nyob rau hauv raws li industrial cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg cov kev cai, yog li ua kom ntseeg tau ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab sustainable zus tau tej cov kev coj.
Tom qab-kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tshuaj xyuas zoo ua haujlwm raws li cov theem kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem foaming, ncaj qha txiav txim siab seb cov khoom kawg puas tau raws li cov qauv tsim nyog. Demolding yuav tsum tau ua tsuas yog tom qab ua npuas ncauj tau tag nrho matured (nrog ib tug℃ntawm kev kho tsis tsawg tshaj li 80%) los tiv thaiv cov teeb meem xws li tearing los yog deformation. Tam sim ntawd tom qab demolding, nyem thiab cov khoom siv ntau dhau yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv foamed yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas kom nws tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li npuas, qhov, delamination, lossis puas. Tib lub sijhawm, kev kuaj xyuas qhov ua tau zoo yuav tsum tau ua rau ntawm cov khoom- tsom tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov ntom ntom, hardness, daim ntawv cog lus lub zog, kev laus ua haujlwm, thiab siab / qis- qhov kub thiab txias kev ua tau zoo- los xyuas kom meej tias txhua qhov tsis ua raws li cov qauv tsim nyog; cov khoom tuaj yeem mus rau theem ua haujlwm tom ntej tsuas yog tom qab nws tau dhau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no.